According to statistics, humanity has often come across diabetes in recent years, which is an epidemic of the 21st century. Every year the disease becomes younger and more and more patients die from complications. In this regard, it is important to understand which diabetes mellitus is, what types of diabetes exist and what differences.
Types of diabetes
Diabetic pathology is a collective name for a whole class of diseases. In medicine, it is common to release diabetes mellitus according to type. The terminology itself is presented by a whole list of diseases that have common features. Features of diabetes and species are due to the pathogenic value of glucose in the bloodstream.
There are many factors, which is why insulin cannot deliver glucose on blood cells, while the result is always the only one - in the course of the strong blood saturation through sugar, the cells cannot eat normally.
If sugar in the cells is inappropriate, it is pulled with water. The liquid that fills the blood through the kidneys and leads to dehydration. Regardless of the type of sugar disease is observed, the following signs develop:
- Dryness in the oral cavity;
- Thirst feeling;
- Frequent visits to the bathroom and plenty of urine discharge.
Different forms of diabetes are characterized by appearance, symptoms and therapy methods.
Classification of diabetes
How many types of diabetes sugar exist? First of all, diabetes are distinguished by type - sugar in connection with an increase in sugar and not -Aahar. And the type of sugar already has certain types of diabetes and their differences.
- SD 1 form.
- SD 2 shapes.
- Specific types of pathology.
- Pregnancy form.
In terms of severity, diabetes differ according to type:
- Light;
- Medium;
- Heavy shape.
With regard to the state of compensation, they differentiate:
- compensated;
- undercompensated;
- Decompensated form of the disease.
It is important to consider any kind of diabetes and its properties.
Type -1 -Diabetes (INSULIN -dependent)
The first type of diabetes is usually called autoimmune or virus damage for the pancreas generates insulin. In patients with 1 type of diabetes, insulin is missing or not enough.
According to statistics, the manifestation of the disease is today in young people. The first form has the following signs:
- Fast weight loss;
- Thirst;
- frequent urge to the toilet;
- Hunger feeling;
- The appearance of acetone in urine.
The treatment of this variety of pathology implies the introduction of the necessary dosage of the hormone. The remaining therapeutic measures are ineffective.
The development of the 1st type of illness occurs due to a genetic factor. In addition, the provocateur is a number of negative reasons, starting with an impaired immunity. The course of diabetes is suddenly with pronounced manifestations. The sugar indicator is quite high and reaches 30 mmol/l. But without insulin, the cells remain in a state of hunger.
The pancreatic cells are deformed, sugar is generated. The lack of hormone leads to the impossibility of using carbohydrates. The lack of energy tries to compensate for fat processing.
The first type develops in the presence of:
- Infections;
- Stress;
- sitting life;
- Autoimmune processes;
- hereditary disposition;
- Inappropriate nutrition.
In the absence of adequate treatment, awareness, up to a diabetic coma, develop quickly. If you do not treat diabetes comprehensively in adults afterwards, this quickly leads to a disturbance of almost all systems and organs, disabilities.
With the development of the disease in a child, there is a delay in development on a physical, mental level, later puberty, infantilism.
The only therapy method is the introduction of insulin in injections under the epithelium. Today glucose is not introduced again. Analoga 1 time or 1 time is introduced for 3 days. The insulin pump is effective, which continuously introduces glucose during the day.
A large number of 1 form of the disease is a latent autoimmune disease of adults characterized by a decrease in the sugar value. The patient's body weight is normal. In the study, the cells of the pancreas, which are not available in the second form of pathology, are found antibodies, but in 1 form.
It is important to diagnose the disease in good time because the therapy implies the introduction of insulin. Tablets to reduce sugar in this situation are not allowed.
Type -2 -Diabetes (Insulin -dependent)
Diabetes of the 2nd degree is not absolutely, but in relation to insulin minor value. This indicates the secretion of insulin in a normal, excess volume. Cells are resistant to their influence.
There are times when this species is associated with obesity. In such a position of the secretion of glucose, it is not sufficient for all fat deposits. In contrast to 1 form, 2 types are formed in tires. The male gender is confronted with a problem after 40, female in the post -climax time when the restructuring is observed on a hormonal level.
The development of 2 forms of diabetes is not so fast compared to 1 type. Often the disease is gradually formed, signs are weak, painful disorders are not that far in 1 form.
The main manifestations of the disease are:
- Dryness in the oral cavity;
- The increased volume of the urine, which gives the patient into the toilet in the middle of the night;
- a strong desire to drink;
- Itching of mucous membranes;
- There is an increased wish.
After the disease, together with obesity, the development of a hypertensive disease leads to the pressure on high values. The formation of a vicious circle is formed when diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure bring together. The risk of a heart attack, a stroke, also grows quickly.
If the disease is not treated, irreversible phenomena occur in nerve fibers, liver, kidneys and eye skin. Most of the time, vascular diseases in 2 form lead to complications - the occurrence of trophic ulcers on the lower leg, with gangren's legs.
If the 2 types of SD to normalize easily to sugar, there are sufficiently thrown kilograms. This is only initially. After a lack of glucose, medication is required that reduce sugar in tablets. Pill can stimulate the synthesis of sugar in beta cells, which covers its deficiency.
Then with several stimulation, complete degradation of cells, the formation of a complete lack of glucose is possible. High indicators along with complications compared to internal organs serve as an indication of switching from pill to insulin. Therefore, the patient is usually convicted of constant use of insulin. Of the 2 types of diabetes, the 1st insulin -dependent is, and the 2nd form has 2 phases, the type of development is insulin -dependent and insulin -dependent.
Specific types of diabetes
There are a whole group of certain types of diabetes associated with other factors. Types of diabetes:
- Hereditary defects in the work of the pancreatic organizations and the effect of insulin.
- The disease of the exokine part of the gland.
- Endocrinopathy.
- SD, provoked by medication, chemical elements.
- Injections.
- Unusual types of immune diseases.
- Hereditary symptoms combined with diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus by the types of genetic defects in the work of the pancreas and insulin effects are formed on the basis of the mutation of genes that are responsible for the functioning of the gland, the effect of insulin.
Diseases of the exocrine part of the pancreas imply an inflammatory process in iron, injury and tumor formation. If part of the organ is affected, the productivity of sugar also suffers, the petrol station leads to diabetes. The therapy is carried out by replacing work, glucose introduces.
Diabetes mellitus according to the type of endocrinotherapy is characterized by the performance of hormones in excessive volume. Hormones can have a negative impact on sugar exchange by increasing the indicator and provoking insulin resistance and inhibiting the sugar concept. As a result, a specific form of diabetes is developed.
Diabetes mellitus according to types that are provoked by medication that increase sugar and cause insulin resistance.
Often diabetes initially develop according to viral pathologies, since viruses can surprisingly influence the pancreatic cells and cause damage in the immune system, which initiates a process that resembles the formation of sugar diseases in shape.
- Adenovirus.
- Cytomegalovirus.
- Rubella.
- Pork.
In rare cases, diabetes are observed with diabetes, which are provoked by the formation of antibodies against glucose and its receptor. The receptor is the goal of glucose, through it the cell gives it its influence. If these phenomena are violated, sugar cannot naturally carry out his work so that he develops diabetes.
Pregnancy diabetes
This species develops during pregnancy. The disease develops due to inferior sugar productivity and is necessary to regulate glucose in the bloodstream.
During pregnancy, the female body is forced to produce a large amount of sugar, which represents the baby's need. This process is particularly relevant in the second pregnancy phase.
If there is a lack of glucose, the value of sugar continues to grow and offers the possibility of forming a type of pregnancy of diabetes. The pathology often disappears after the birth of a child. This is a characteristic feature that distinguishes this type of other species with a chronic river.
Not -adalar -diabetes
The non -Naicar form of the disease is also referred to as urethics. The pathology has no typical signs. The main features include:
- Polyuria, characterized by the release of urine in the volume, which significantly exceeds the norm;
- Polydipsia - take large amounts of fluid.
Diabetics observe with an illness:
- dry skin;
- The stomach is stretched, lowered;
- Body weight falls;
- Pressure decreases;
- The genitarian system is affected (girls are confronted with a violation of the menstrual cycle, in men, potency decreases);
- Ennusse of Children are concerned, growth and development development are delayed.
The Nichachard therapy provides for the preservation of vasopressin in the form of a spray in the nasal cavity or the pill.